Tuesday, May 25, 2010

Cognitive reduction in bipolar disorder?

The cognitive processes are like this:

Attention
Language processing
Learning and development
Memory
Perception and action

My psychiatrist says in bipolar disorder we dont experience that, as in, schziophrenia, there are days i've felt that my cognitive processes were way too low, even, i felt stupid, anyone else that is bipolar has felt this way? like someday u have 29 for IQ
Answer:
I am not bipolar or schizophrenic but I have days where I feel like my IQ is probably 29 or lower and I have felt stupid and sluggish.
So do not feel you are abnormal in this department.
People with bipolar disorder do experience deficits with long-term memory as well as all of the above topics you mentioned.
It's part of having Bipolar disorder. Sometimes, my IQ is 29, but at other times it is 330.

There is a thinking disorder component for some people with bipolar disorder.

Cognative behavioural therapy.?

does any one no of any realy good cbt taught courses that do not cost an amr and a leg in noth east yorkshire, where you dont have to work for NHS to go on them. that are accreditede courses. any info of this type would be great. many thank in advance for any type of information
Answer:
Cognitive behavioural therapy has an organisation of its own in the UK, and on their website they give a list of courses. The only thing in your area is at the University of York. See http://www.babcp.com/training/cbtcourses...
Hi:

I am sorry that I can't offer an answer to my, but I do have a suggestion as to how to obtain the information you are looking for. (I live in New England).

Start calling as many CBT's as you can. Ask the for what you need ans I am sure I high % of your calls will bring positive results.

It is worth a try anyway. The worst that can happen on the phone requesting something is that they say no. There is always the next call on your list that will say yes.

Be Safe %26 Be Well
i don't now if this is any help to you but i am on the mental health list. I have seen many c p N's but now just got a letter to see a cognitive behavioural psychotherapists i don't have a clue what one is but i n answer to your question they have just started new courses in my home town Doncaster s,yorkshire sorry if this is not what you was looking for but if you could email me and let me now what cognitive means i would be very grate full

Clonidine for autism..?

My 3 year old son was just recently diagnosed with autism, the doctor put him on the drug clonidine. Is there any one that has advice about this kind of thing? He is normally so hyper but now is just alittle less... Any one else going through this?
Answer:
My son was also put on Clonidine..he was a walking zombie.

He was dazed!! .... (His own teacher called me ...extremely concerned!) I spoke w/ his drs. and was told to lower it...yet it didn't even make a difference. So, I completely stopped giving him clonidine.

But....every child is different. In the long run...it is the parent's choice. He or she knows what is best for his or her child.
I'm not a doctor, so I wouldnt know.
But good luck. I'm sorry about that... But look on the bright side, most children with autisms are geniouses on a specific subject. Introduce your child to new things, you may be impressed... (sorry I couldnt answer your question though)
My son is bipolar and ADHD and they put him on clonodine for a short period I didnt see that it worked but for the most part clonodine is used for many different treatments when it comes to mental disorders and if I am not mistaken it is also used for seizures...Just leave him on it for about two months if you are not satisfied with the way that it is working then tell his doctors and have them try something else...
My son has been taking Clonidine for yrs for his hyperness due to autism. It will make him sleepy but Clonidine is short acting. Over time I have found that my son who is 10 now has gotten somewhat immune to it and so his doses had to be increased. He now takes it 3 times a day. He has never had any harmful side effects from it at all, just sleepiness.
Clonidine is an antihypertensive used to help people with high blood pressure. However, it is also commonly used in the mental health field. Most psychiatrists prescribe it to kids with ADHD. Generally, a child might be started on a stimulant but, often, initiating sleep becomes difficult so, clonidine is added due to its sedating qualities. For children in the autistic spectrum, I have seen it used in conjuction with other medications (very rarely as monotherapy). It is usually used, again, for its sedation, to help with sleep or, to help calm some of the stormy behaviors of the many mental illnesses. Overall, I have found it to be quite safe and helpful. I am a child, adolescent, and adult psychiatrist, (in case you were wondering).

You mention he is normally "so hyper" so, I'm assuming that is the symptom your Dr. is targeting for treatment with clonidine. That would ceratinly be appropriate in my experience. I also tend to use a few of the atypical antipsychotics for "hyper" behavior in children with autisic disorders. Medications like Seroquel, Risperdal, and Abilify are common. Good luck with your very special child.

Clinical depression?

i looked @ a site and the symptoms and i have almost all of the symptoms, i am not close with my parents, and i don't have many friends that i could talk to, many experiences in my life have started this stage, but i've gotten over it w/o any medical treatment, or counselling, i'm tired and i just don't know what to do anymore
Answer:
I also had all the symptoms of major depression at age 18, and was even suicidal. I think that by having a major religious experience that totally changed my outlook in life I basically changed what experts call my cognition.

Many experts believe that what causes people to get depressed is poor cognition, it's your thinking. You need a revolution in how you interpret life events.

People with the Teflon exterior like they said Pres. Reagan had bounce back from life's tough events. People with poor cognition succumb to life's events and end up under them instead of overcoming them.
you seriously need to talk to a medical professional. soon dear.
Michaela, Many events can trigger a depression and it can be hard to shake yourself out of it. Please, tell your parents you want to see your doctor for a check up this week. Your regular doctor can determine if you are clinically depressed, which is a chemically induced illness and can be controlled with medication. My gut, as a mother of 3, and as a person with a degree in Psychology, tells me you are young, perhaps a young teen and you are
feeling alone/lonely and this is VERY common. It gets better as you mature, but there is no reason to feel this way when you can get help. Please, honey, see your doctor and let him or her decide if you need to see a therapist. The fact that you did some research tells me you are not in as bad a state as you think. Hang in there. Growing up is not easy but we all go through it and you will too. Don't be afraid to ask for help. It is out there, even at the school. Talk to a guidance counselor if you can't see your doctor.
I understand exactly where you're at, and I have thought about psychological help. Something just keeps me from going it's like I have this feeling that tommorrow it will get better, but it doesn't. Been doing this for about three years I've even THOUGHT about ending it, but I have faith or hope that it will get better. This is not advice, just thought I'd let you know your not alone.
being tired all of the time is a huge symtom [as you may know]. i thought i was just going through regular teenage syndroms with my occasional depressing nights, but they became more frequent. my grades slipped, i sleeping 16 hours daily and i just didnt care about anything. i dont have many friends either, but i have a close friend who i was able to talk about it to. things wont get any easier if you hold it inside. if you have no one use a journal. i know it sounds corney, but it really works. write about what bugs you, whats on your mind and things like that. its a great way to relieve stress and to calm unwanted emotions.

Clinical assesment and diagnosis?

any brainstorming anbout this subject??
Answer:
sounds medical to me. Assessment is when you observe the signs and symptoms. Diagnosis is when you put all those signs and symptoms together and come up with a term that defines what is wrong.
A clincial assessment is a tool utilized by therapists to narrow down symptoms to determine a diagnosis using a tool such as the DSM IV-TR.

If that doesn't help, be more specific with the question.

Clean Freaks?

Are u a clean freak? what would classify you as one?

Most, of all are they any other married men like me?

I am a cleannn freak! I clean with bleach soo much, that I sometimes get cuts on my hands!

I always see more women as being the clean freak, so I am curious to see if there are any other dudes like me. However, the question is not limited to only men.
Answer:
They say cleanliness is next to Godliness. However if you are taking it to these extremes you may well be developing a ah how do you say it a mental disorder. When the cleaning or fear of what you are cleanoing up interferes with your general life there starts to be a problem. I do suggest that you use rubber gloves and dilute the bleach.
It is called OCD. You need to see a doctor for some meds
Ask yourself, "What am I afraid of?"
If you're a clean freak like myself, you'll probably wash your hands after touching the ground, petting a dog, and door-knob turning. And when other people do things that are dirty, you'll not want them to touch you. and probably tell them to wash their hands.
i keep a clean apt and myself and child but not overdoing it like a compulsion, better to be clean than dirty.

Claustrophobic?

uhm...any good links wit info, symptoms, stuff...i like...uhg...eww...i hate small spaces...i cant even sleep wit sheets or i spazz...uhg...w/e...help?
Answer:
here ya go it just takes time to deal with i think but heres some sites i found hope it helps!
http://www.changethatsrightnow.com/claus...
http://www.associatedcontent.com/article...

I recommend going to a doctor personally or Google helps allot too message me if you need more help!

Citalopram?

In the paperwork that comes with my citalopram it says that you shouldn't take it if you have epilepsy which i have got,so why have they prescribed it,before you say go and see your doc i've already been and the doc says that the psych should know and the psych says the doc should know so whats the score,also my neurologist doesn't know.
Answer:
Hello,

As a nurse, I am telling you not to take it until you have clear-cut instructions from both doctors. DO NOT TAKE THE MEDICATION. I am assuming the psyche doctor prescribed it. Please call his office now and talk to his nurse. Tell her you have epilepsy and the instructions with the medication clearly state not to take this drug. Then ask her to get specific instructions from the psyche doctor as to whethor or not this medication is contraindicated. Then ask if he/she would like to switch you to another med. Most nurses are happy and willing to help you with a medication question! Most importantly, tell her that you are not going to take it until someone explains this to you in terms you can understand.
Secondly, while you are waiting to hear back from them, call your doctor that treats your epilepsy. Talk to that doctor or a nurse in that office. Tell them your psyche doctor ordered this drug, and the literature says its contraindicated in epilepsy. Then tell them they need to CONSULT with your psyche doctor to decide which treatment they would like to continue and which treatment they would like to stop or change. Next call your neurologists office and tell the nurse that, the other two doctors are giving you the "Run-a-round". Ask that nurse for help too!

No matter what, do not take it until they give you clear cut instructions as to whether or not it is safe to take it. Sometimes two medications are contraindicated, but the benefit outweights the harm. So there may be a reason that your doctors want you take this medication. However, you need to know what the risks are before you take it.

Good Luck,
Angie R.N.
just take it.
no surprise you would be better asking you hairdresser or something, i took this medication and to be honest it messed me up and made me worse, as for your epilepsy i would not take the medication if it says it in black and white, ask to see a new doc and be firm you want answers.stat
I think it's awful that you've been told to take this drug if it's contraindicated for epilepsy which you have - thank goodness you were sensible and double checked the notes.

I'd suggest you ask your primary doctor to refer you to a different psychiatrist; the psychiatrist is meant to be the 'expert' with the medications and if he knew you had epilepsy, and still told you to take Citalopram, then you shouldn't see him again.

You'd never trust any of his advice after this anyway, so you need to see someone better. Good luck with it.
Double check with your doctor before taking the medication, explain to the pyschatrist that you have epilepsy and that you're not sure if you should take it considering the notes mention that you shouldn't if you're epilipetic...DO NOT TAKE IT until you have checked with your doctor.

Hope this helps
I wouldn't take it because of your epilepsy. Check with your GP first. The medical professional who prescribed you the Citalopram should give you the final say about whether to take the medicine or not.

They both sound a bit unprofessional if they are unable to make the decision about whether you should take it or not.

Find out one way or the other before you take it.
In very rare cases these drugs have been known to cause sezures, but i think it is when a person takes a dose that is too high. Thats why it will be written about epilepsy. You need to go and get answers, as many people have written here. If you can't get the answers from who you are currently seeing, then you should go elsewhere. I am guessing that it would depend on how much citalopram you have been recommended to take, your previous history of epilepsy, and if you are taking anything to control epilepsy at the moment.

I took a medication once that was not recommended for people with a history of depression. However, i was perscribed it on the promise that i would continue to take anti-depressants at the same time.

Like i said - definatley speak to someone who can give you the answers before making a decision.

Oh and well done for looking out for you - lots of people would have just taken them.

Good luck.x
I took citalopram for four months in 2006. It was close to the worst four months of my life. At my next appointment, I demanded that the Doc change them.

Citalopram 10MG?

i have been given citalopram for anxiety.. jus wondered other peoples feeling on this antidepressant as i seem to feel tired all the time jus wondering is that something to do with the citalopram. also i am only 17 so i dont really want to feel like an 90yr old woman 24/7!
Answer:
Citalopram will quite often make you feel very dozey when you first start taking it, but perservere and those symptoms will wear off as your body adjusts to the medication - usually within a week or so. 10mg is quite a low dose, so you should get used to it pretty quickly

It might be stating the obvious, but I assume you take it at bed time?
If your feeling drug down by it, then you are taking too high of a dosage. I have not heard any bad things about this drug though. Just talk to your doctor and let him know your concerns.
I have been on Citalopram for 2 years, for anxiety as well as panic attacks. I never feel tired because of it but i am a bit worried that i cannot live without it now.
Are you taking citalopram when your suppose to? ~ Once your body gets used to having the drug in your system you should do fine. If not, talk to your doctor ~ It takes a couple of weeks for this to happen ~the tiredness should pass ~
I had the same thing on Citalopram; I was yawning constantly!

If you've only been on it a week or two, it might get better, as sometimes this side effect does pass. However, you are on a very low dose - it might be worth phoning your doctor and telling him you're tired. Most people take 20mg, but he's probably started you on a low dose because you're so young.

If after a few weeks you still feel really tired, tell your doctor that you're not happy with the medication. Prozac is more energising - you can get it in liquid form, and so you can increase the dose really gradually. Never change the dose of any medication yourself, always ask your doctor.

Have you had any counselling for your anxiety? Or cognitive behavioural therapy? These are definitely worth considering!

Do speak to your doctor; plenty of people have to try more than one of these medications because of side effects such as tiredness.
10mg is the lowest dosage y9ou can have! For a few weeks you will feel lethargic and possibly nauseous until your body gets used to it - stick with it, as it was one of the best ones I ever used.
hang on in there hon. antidepressants take a while to get used to, but your body will adapt to them. in fact, it can take up to 3 months for u to feel the full benefits of the tablets. it's worth persevering with them though... otherwise your doctor would not have felt it necessary to prescribe them to you.

i've suffered with depression on-and-off for the past 7 years or so. it's one of those things that u have to keep battling against. there are other things that u can do to help. exercise is a brilliant natural anti depressant as it releases endorphins, which make u feel happy and de-stressed. u also need to keep your mind busy, so u break out of the cycle of stressful thinking. get a hobby. i took up jewellery making, which keeps my hands and mind busy. but there are loads of other things u could do, depending on what kind of things u enjoy.

also, u need to learn to talk to people about the things that are stressing u. keeping your emotions bottled up is really unhealthy. take it from me - i learnt the hard way. now i talk to my family or chat to friends online when things are starting to get me down.

good luck. things will improve if u keep working at it. take care. x
after about 5-6 weeks you will feel all the benefits so stick with it
I was takin 10mg daily in a morning at 21 years old. It sedated me and made me feel VERY ill. It gave me the worst headaches i have ever experianced in my life. I started on 20mg but went down to 10mg when i changed doctor due to moving as she said i was too slim for 20mg and it would hevily sedate me. After 2 months of taking it i was on deaths door. I had bruises all over me for no reason and i kept near passing out. I was a right state and went to A%26E/ER. They told me i was having a seriously bad reaction to the citalopram and to stop taking it straight away. After 2 days i felt better and after a few months i was fine health wise apart from the panic disorder i was given the for in the first place. The whole situation made my panic worse.
Citalopram is an effective treatment for depression with an anxiety component. It appears you are taking an appropriate dose but your doctors can increase this further to 20mg if necessary. The symptoms of lethargy you are describing are normal and it is hard to equate whether this is due to your depressive illness or to the early stages of taking Citalopram. I suggest that you persevere with your medication and ensure that you have regular clinical reviews by your doctor. It is important to voice any concerns and to take the medication according to the manufacturers guidelines.
It also made me yawn like mad when I first went on it (been on it for 1 month now!). It can make some people feel sick, but with me I just couldn't physically eat a full meal, but was constantly hungry! I was put on 10mg for the 1st 4 days and then up to 20 mg a day from then on.

Keep at it, but if you are seriously concernaed go back to your doctor.
hi im 30 and was taking citalopram 4 8 months i never felt tired while taking them. i am on propanalol aswell. when i stopped taking them though i now feel like doing noyhing. wonder whats going on there then. i found that propanalol is better 4 me but.
I've been on Citalopram for 2yrs now- for depression (which went after 8months) and social anxiety (I still have that, occasionally)

Citalopram is meant to make you feel relaxed, so yes, it's going to make you tired.

I take mine about 1hr before bed, so that I sleep better. I'm OK in the daytime. Pehaps you could try taking yours at a different time? or take 1/2 in the morning, 1/2 at night
My girlfriend is on 20mg a day (of citalopram) for depression and OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder). She does sometimes get tired and unmotivated.
Fatigue and drowsiness are side effects of taking this medication, you are however on a low dose (the max allowed a day on citalopram is 60mg) so the side effects should be extremely minimal.
For the other side effects look citalopram up on wikipedia.
my gp has just told me to take it in the morning as it perks you up but judging by all your answers i think ill take it at night :)

Cipralex in pregnancy?

my doctor has prescribed me cipralex am 16 weeks pregnant and suffering from anixiety and depression symptoms not really bad at the moment but enough to effect daily life. hes put me on 5mg he said the risk is very low but am still bit scared to take them. ive been on this medication b4 i got pregnant but stopped when i found out i was expecting. i dont know what to do because i dont want my symptoms getting worse but at the same time am thinking about the baby.
Answer:
5mg is a tiny, tiny dose, but of course I can appreciate you're worried.

Some anti depressants do carry warnings that they should be stopped if the woman taking them is pregnant - you need to look in the leaflet that comes with your Cipralex and see if it says anything. If there is a warning, then you'll have to decide.

If you're very depressed, obviously you need help to cope. If you do stop the Cipralex, get your doctor to arrange some counselling, or some cognitive behavioural therapy, which has been proven effective for helping depression.

Right now, though, check the Cipralex leaflet and see what it says about pregnancy - good luck with it.
well just because you have them in the house doesnt mean to say you have to take them, try concentrating on the fact that you are having a baby, and the fact thats its a beautiful experience, focus all of energy into that, eat more chocolate, it helped me ;-) but just think happy thought, baby thoughts see if that gets you through.good luck and congrats
go back to your doctor and tell them how worried you are about any effects they could have on your baby. It is important
to take care of yourself and worrying about taking them wont help.Ask for referal to a CPN who will talk to you and give you leaflets and advice. I saw one for post natal depression and he was really easy to talk to gave me leaflets and advice. I am now coming off my snti drepressents and my daughter is 20 months.feel free to stay in touch.
There is not enough research on taking antidepressants during pregnancy so there isn't much stuff to research on the internet.
You have to weigh up the pro's and con's yourself and if you feel that the risk of developing depression during pregnancy is high for you then consider taking it, if not,don't.
See your GP to see if you have any services available where you live to have a CPN to monitor and support you during and shortly after the birth of your baby.Just by having that person in the background very often helps.If one of your other children is under 5 you should still have the support of a health visitor who can do listening visits.
If you really don't want to take them go back to the doctors and find out what advice he can give you. If you are not happy with his advice get another independent persons advice, as long as they are a doctor and medically qualified. talk with your partner, mother, and your midwife or someone close who cares about you.

Have a room in your house painted in your favourite colour and begin to fill it, turn it into your favourite room, where you feel happy. Put things in the room that represent your personality, things that you have bought on holiday or weekend trips, two different comfy chairs so that you can relax with your new baby...etc. Look up on aromatherapy oils, which ones will lift your spirit and which ones you can use before and after your pregnancy. make it smell and look like somewhere you can feel the love %26 happiness oouzzzz out of you.

Christmas Day?

I found my moms boyfriend dead on Christmas and I still think about it. Is there something wrong with me?
Answer:
did he commit sucide because if he did it is normal to still think about it
noo its sad and crazy i know how it feels. i wnt t hear more about this email me at jamilo1234@yahoo.com thnk u
theres absolutely nothing wrong with you, you just happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time...
if it was suicide (which it sounds like it was) then its absolutely normal to still think about it, the key for steadying yourself back into society is to not let that memory affect everything you do (in other words its ok to reflect on your emotions as long as you only reflect)
im completely sorry about this loss (both for your mother and for you if you two were close at all)
Hi:

Thankfully, no there is nothing wrong with you. I think what you are experiencing is a natural reaction to a traumatic event.

I would suggest that you see a therapist though, to help you work thru this and give you guidance on your situation.

Be Well

Choice of living in a retirement village when ageing.?

I am a very active female, married and still working. My question relates to older people (other than me but also for me when I am much older). When my father died my mother went into a retirement resort mainly because my sisters thought it best for her to get settled somewhere before she reached to urgent stage (e.g. health deteriorated). As a trained nurse I was trained to think differently - there are all the resources in the community that one needs to stay in you rown home as long as possible and this should be encouraged. As it was my mother's memory went very quickly from the shock of being on her own in a unit, out of her usual environment (so she lost confidence in driving the car and lost her independence, familiar faces and activities). (She was 87yrs and lived a VERY active life previously, including playing golf twice a week, did the family business wages, met with friends etc. ). She went from bad to worse. What is your opinion?
Answer:
My grandmother died at the age of 85 and she refused to die in a retirement center. She died where she raised 6 kids, and had a husband for 50 years of her marriage. She may have not remembered as much in her later years due to dymencia, but she belonged in her own house with her family. I think a retirement home is when you dump it on someone else's porch. I would never do that to my mother, or myself.
suggestion: the retirement house shoild be near a scenic
gulf course
Western society has little if any respect for their eldest. In many other cultures the advancment of age is highly respected...and these cultures dont COPOUT when it comes to caring for their elders. Not so in the western quick fix, me before you mental ideology of modern America!! Like you said...people are trained to think the way they do...do it long enuff...and the brainwash becomes unquestionable as well as inconvenient. And being 'inconvenient' could pose a 'national security risk' in the minds of the public! 8o)
OK one of the evil statistics out there is that roughly half of the elderly that are put in homes are dead within 6 months of being put there for various reasons. The most prominant seems to be the lack of a will to live.

Multiple studies have shown that if a person is involved in their community, if they are leading an active life, they will live many times longer than someone in a insular community. I would get your mother out of a 'retirement community' (and never allow yourself to be put in one) never surrender your home.

I would make her/you a part of your/your childrens daily life and routine, a member of the core family. I would give her/you a reason to live %26 remember beyond "tuesday is community bingo and six months from now Tommy will send me a card."

I can tell you that the elders in my family that were cared for by family in the family home, lived more than a decade longer than those that were not.
I think you already know the answer to your question. I think you knew it before you placed your mom in the "retirement resort". I think you were out-voted and I am sorry for that. Please do not be bitter toward your sisters; they didn't know any better. You knew because of your experience as a nurse and they didn't have that education to help them make an informed decision.

There is nothing you can do about it now. I am afraid that if you were to bring her back home at this point, she would regress even further. I think you know what the best choice for her is and I think you should voice your opposition a little louder and put your foot down this time.

Have you asked your mom how she feels about the options?
I'm in my 20s and if I make it to retirement and even old age, I most certainly expect to be living in a retirement community. Since I won't be having children, I'll be saving up plenty of money, so I'm not stuck in a hole. It would cool to hang out with a bunch of old geezers when I'm old!

I think it's different than when someone is expecting something different. Like your mother and my parents and many generations expect and some even had children simply so they'd be around to take care of them when they're old! When you're expecting to be taken care of but then you're put into a home, it's probably very frightening and maybe even painful.

Our society doesn't allow for people to take care of their parents like it used to. It's not that people are selfish and lack respect. Traditionally, women were trapped in the home with the kids and the grandparents and a single income was okay, these days? Most certainly not possible for most of us and even fewer want it. As the older generations die off, I think that sort of shock of being in a retirement/nursing home to die off with it.
My mother went into one at a much earlier stage. She is fit and healthy. She immerses herself in the activities and enjoys her life. She's 68, by the way. There will be no shock for her if she becomes ill. She does have a heart condition, so this is probably would made her realise she would need care. She loves her life.
My parents-in-law decided to go into a retirement village. At the last moment, though, my father in law would pull out, saying he couldn't face it. It was a nightmare, especially when my formerly fit mother-in-law fell ill with cancer and in effect, left him after 65 years of marriage to move into the retirement vilage on her own, as she needed surgery and treatment. My fil refused to go, saying he would cut his throat rather than move. My father-in-law starved to death, in his own home. He was stubborn and refused help. My poor mil had to live with the guilt - no wonder she died less than a year after he did.
Her life was made a misery because she was struggling to maintain her high standards of cleanliness, while my fil sat on his bum. She waited on him hand and foot. He had a heart condition.
So if you had to ask my mil and my mother, both would say the same thing. Move in, long before you have to. My fil would say "no".

Children with Asperger's Syndrome?

My 4 year old daughter was recently diagnosed with Asperger's and I am beginning to recognize red flags in her 7 year old sister. I that there are some genetic links, but was wondering if there are other families with several children with this disorder, and how to cope. I'm 34 weeks pregnant with my third daughter and feeling overwhelmed.
Answer:
Well, my brother has PDD-NOS (similar to Asperger's) and I might have a very mild case of Asperger's, but I haven't been tested/evaluated by a psych. Yes, there are other families out there that definitely have two or more kids on the autistic spectrum. I haven't seen statistics on Asperger's, but for autism the odds of the sibling of a child with autism having autism as well are like 3-6%, and if two siblings have it the odds of the third sibling having it as well go up to iirc 20%, but I'm not sure about the latter number. Of course, the odds of a girl having autism/Asperger's are way lower than of a boy, so if you have two girls with an autistic spectrum disorder then you're pretty weird, to be honest.

Aspies range in how severe their problems are... plenty of them go to college and get married and such, although plenty of them don't. In fact, I'd recommend looking into yourself and your husband to see whether one or both of you show any symptoms... there's a fair chance that at least one of you has a very mild case of Asperger's (or Asperger's shadow, however you want to call it). There is a lot of information out there on the internet and such... use Yahoo Groups for example to find mailing lists for people with Asperger's and for parents of kids with Asperger's, etc. Some people see it as a disorder, others see it more as a different "personality type". Personally I think it depends on the severity of the condition. Anyway, your daughters might need a bit more help with figuring out social situations and such... you might want to explain those kinds of things more explicitly to them instead of assuming they'll just learn that stuff automatically. Also, I'm a fan of homeschooling... think about it.

Okay, I could write a ton more, but the point is that it's not necessarily all that bad to have kids that are Aspies and that there's a ton of resources out there that you should take a look at.
How serious is this? I don't know I never heard of this before. Does she get all the care she needs. Is it like a learning issue or more serious like ALS (lou gerhigs disease). Also, you should make sure your doctor gives you all the information you need and do everything you can to help her and increase her life expectency. I believe someone told me this was a neurodegenerative disease, but make sure you see your doctor again and see exactly what to do, so she will have a better outcome.
While I am no expert, I dated a guy with aspburgers's syndrome and 5 year old cousin has it as well, and is in fact borderline autistic. Jordan's (the boy I dated) sisters showed no signs of the condition, but he was a textbook case, so there is not always a genetic link. Therefore, don't worry about your unborn child, the odds of all of your three children experiencing this would be very rare. And even if your oldest and unborn child are also effected, think positively! The pure fact that i DATED a boy with this syndrome should be proof to you that this doesn't have to be terribly life-altering. This boy was a genius, and in his state-level honors choir. Aspergers doesn't have to old your children back, I realize that having special needs kids can feel overwhelming, but understand that this condition does not have to overwhelm your children. For now, they are kids, and they have years of LIFE in front of them, this will NOT stop them from being great people.

Childhood Issue That Never Seems To Go Away?

Since I was a little boy, I always had memories of being put back into diapers at an age that was not age-appropriate. I always wanted to confront my parents about it, especially my Dad b/c most of the memories I had were related to him. I didn't get the courage to confront my parents about it until I was in my early 20's (I'm 26 now) They confirmed that it happened and gave different reasons as to why it did. When I was little I had trouble with constipation and had to be given suppositories to make me go. My Mom had said that they were afraid I wouldn't be able to hold it b/c of the medicine and bought me diapers as a result. Another reaon was that I went to work with my Dad on his school bus and my Dad said he couldn't have stopped in the middle of his route. The last reason given by my Dad is that I couldn't button my pants in Kindergarten and had to wear a diaper to school b/c of it. It killks me to think I walked around like that in school. I have memories of being .
Answer:
If it's something that really bothers you, it might be a good idea to find a counsellor.

There's nothing wrong with an IQ of 96. It's average--you're about as smart as most people. I heard somewhere that President Bush's IQ is 89.
It probably pains your mom to see that and also women tend to like to shelter their kids from this stuff anyway because it might hurt their feelings.
Hey, what is the question? Seems you are obsessing about this,which has nothing to do with your IQ. If it becomes a problem to where you can't stop thinking about it, see a doctor. Could be OCD, which is when a person thinks they have to do something that doesn't make sense,just to be in control. If it actually happened, it really doesn't matter now.
Wow. At least they had some reasons. I'm sorry that happened to you. It is not your fault. Children are almost completely dependent on their adults. You know we spend the first 16-18 years of our life with our parents and the rest of our life recovering from them.
This is a big one. I have a niece who did the same thing with her child, she was getting ready to go to school and I remember saying to her you better get her use to going on the toilet or all the kids are going to laugh at her, she was very tiny and was very afraid of sitting on the toilet, and her mother just got into the habit of putting a diaper on her, out of laziness I guess and instead of working to try and help her get over her fear she just put on the diaper and before she knew it it was time to hurry up and make some changes. She did succeed but it took the whole summer. If you were having trouble with going I could see a parent putting on a diaper until the medicine worked. But from what I've read this is the most important time in life, a lot of things can happen to the physique at this time. If I were you I'd consult a doctor, sometime counseling helps with things like this, I'm sure the doctors heard it all before, so don't be ashamed. Sometimes parents do forget when and how they did things, that doesn't matter, all that matters is that you get over thinking somethings wrong with you, we all have our little mind blowing secrets that can drive us crazy thinking about them, don't worry it's not your fault, who remembers anyway, and if you still know someone who knows their old enough to know now that it had nothing to do with your doings. Oh what our parents do to us, they raise us for about twenty years and it takes us another twenty to get over it. Please feel better about yourself, you did nothing wrong
Hi. I really feel that your parents had your best interests at heart. I think that they phased you off diapers a little late due to practical reasons. From the given information your sole reason for being disturbed about this issue is due to the supposed embarassment that you were faced with when wearing diapers till an age much older than was necessary. If you really think about it , Do you think that people who saw you wearing diapers at the time remember that you were a bit too old for diapers ? The answer is probably ' No.' Those people who saw you at the time have moved forward with their lives and have in all probability forgotten about it. For a person to be embarassed about something, then for this embarassment to take place, people would have to be aware of it. That said, you are feeling embarassed about something which people have forgotten about. I hope you realise what i am attempting to explain. What i am saying is that you are feeling ashamed about something which people have forgotten about and therefore are not aware about. By doing this you are expending a great deal of energy and spending a lot of time. Think to yourself, all this time i have spent dwelling on the past , what have i have achieved ?. Unfortunately, the past is something we cannot erase. But we can do something about the present. I feel that you should bring closure to this issue by telling yourself ' i am feeling ashamed about something which happened a long time ago, which no one can even remember. My parents have acted in my best interests and did not mean to hurt me in any way. I am going put this issue behind me and use my time and energy more wisely and meaningfully.' I sincerely hope that you are able to deal with this issue and move on with your life.
Dude, an IQ of 96 is pretty much average. Average is 100, but the range for average is 80-120. Your IQ definitely isn't low or anything, like 46% or so of all people have an IQ that's lower than yours.

Anyway, I don't usually say this, but I think you just need to get over it. It happened, but that was in the past. You don't need to let it affect your life anymore. Obviously your parents did what they thought would be best, and didn't mean to do you harm. It doesn't mean you're defective. Just try to focus on good stuff in your life.

If you really can't let this go, you need to see a psychologist.
A psychologist may indeed help, but - if Meng is reading this - I know too well how you can't just "let it go", how these experiences become part of your basic mental reactions and all kinds of unrelated things remind you of them.
96 is an average 1Q. So don't worry about it!

Childhood humilation is real whether it was intentionally cruel or not. Because the memories are stored so early they are more emotional than rational, which is why you may have a hard time reasoning yourself away from the feelings of humiliation. Try some EMDR therapy to release this so that it doesn't hold you back in life!
I know you directed this question more towards men but I had a very similar incident happen to me as well. I suffered chronic urinary tract infections and sometimes would wet myself and then because of my parents inability to properly react to the situation I became ashamed to go to the bathroom and would hold it for long periods of time. Sometimes I would urinate or defecate in my clothes and as a punishment I had to wear diapers. It is humiliating and degrading to be so different at an age where children point out the obvious and make fun of the odd one out. My parents still think they did the right thing and I still am pissed off over it. Nothing is going to change the fact they did it, I still have issues and neither of us are going to change our minds. The best advice I could give you is to realize that even though it happened for whatever reason, your parents are human and they can make mistakes too. Sometimes small and sometimes so huge you can't even believe it. You can spend your time agonizing over it or take a proactive stance in making you happy. I would seek the advice of a therapist that could set you on the road to coming to terms with jealousy and anger issues. I am glad that you are in touch with your feelings enough to be so open in discussing your ordeal. Having a 96 IQ score is just that...a score. Numbers are just clever tags for things so we can file them neatly away in orderly fashion. You get your point across well and can adequately express yourself so forget the IQ none sense. Take care of yourself and make steps to being a better person than your dad. I wish you well and hope you get some closure to this soon. Good Luck!
Obviously this is causing you problems. Get yourself an appointment with a mental health therapist. You can start by talking to a school counselor if you are still in school. If not, you can call your county health department and ask about mental health services. Whoever you go to should not make you uncomfortable. If you don't feel you can trust them by your fourth session get a new counselor. But keep trying till you find one you can really open up to. It may take time but you opened up to the whole world by asking this so you obviously are willing to work thru this. You'll be surprised at how much it relieves you to talk about it in a non-judgemental environment like a therapist's office.
thy r not suppoose to go way u r suuppose to remeber thm
It's a role/age play fetish thing, explore with someone you love.
go to a shrink and make your parents pay for it.
I am still friends with lots of kids from my elementry school. We laugh about stuff from back then, sometimes its about pretty serious stuff.but you just laugh because you had no control.now you do..so it's really OK, because whatever happened, you lived through it.

Don't know how you stop thinking about it. That will be the tricky part.
I have read ur story over and over and am pretty sure that you do not have a problem and u are only creating 1 4 ur self.

i think u are poolin up 2 much..

ease it.. if i were u , i would never care a dam...u r quite normal now, then wats da problem.

as for ur IQ, IQ figures are the most misleading indices about onself... i mean it statistically .. IQ's are based on formulaes which are seriously flawed because most of them assume IQ to be constant with age..which common logic tells us is not possible

EQ is more important..thats Emotional Quotiotent...

(take the case of my country - India... most of our political leaders and statesmen never cleared higher secoandry...they flunk over and over again...when education did not work out...they took politics.. they have great EQs)

Leave ur past behind...look towards a brighter future.. and in case memmories haunt u... take a ride..go for a walk, workout..

Doent ever see a counsellor...cause u dont need one...if you do, it will always tormentize u that u had to see one cause U werent normal. rather talk 2 someone else.. a friend or rather someone much elder %26gt;%26gt;%26gt;grandparents ! !

i was known to be a dumb sort of guy till i was 15 cause i was simply shy and would not talk to anyone... no one expected me to become a school prefect and da president of my schools debating society. i suffered in silience for quite a couple of months during school.. till i understood the power of change.

Try to walk and move around with an attitude... if anyone says its wrong, shoot back " who said its mandatory to be right "
This boosts confidence..


U for sure have some hidden talent.. explore urself , identify and build upon them.if life cant get better, it could certainly get worse... dont let it.... make da most of it...


Dont forget . people around you are not any better or superior.. they are again people after all...bundles of 'weaknesses...'.

i could go on writing. i will stop now...i dont mind seein a wasted person.. i do mind seeing a person who is wasting himself for no reason. DONT BE SUCH A PERSON...
I think this is not unusual due to your cirmcumstance and that your reaction confirms that you are NORMAL for having these reactions. You DO however need to get some consseling to learn how to deal with the past. We cannot control our past, only our present and how we leave the past behind. You are not able yet to do this so someone, a good therapist can help you. SOmetimes it takes a few to find the right one. Beleive in yourself. Get the help you deserve.

Childhood friend is dying from substance abuse?

Friend for 30yrs is ill(got into Rx %26 street drugs %26 alcohol.Her liver/kidneys are failing.Shes attempted suicide. Never like that in school; even thru her 1st marriage.She %26 husb div over other issues/remarried;had a child.They split(he was in the closet I think). She remarried 3rd time,had a child.Somewhere in this time she got into drugs/battled depression.Lost her job, got a 3rd div%26 lost custody of both kids.She's been to rehab countless x's %26 her fam is just as bad.This is going to sound awful-publicly Im afraid to be seen/assoc w/her b/c of her rep.I feel bad for not "being there" Ive sent cards/flowers,but only called a few x's. I feel guilty.One of my parents died of sub abuse- I can relate.Do I jeopardize my reputation %26 my kid's rep? I sought advise from fam who said stay clear b/c of her drug prob(didnt want to give police wrong idea about my fam).My kids %26 I arent into drugs at all. How do I help w/o involv my fam?Should I worry what others think?She looks awful;like death
Answer:
I truly feel for you, but a person like this can 't be helped by anybody but themselves, if she doesn't want to help herself there's nothing you can do. Don't get your kids involved. Kids today have enough on their plates they don't need someone else's hang-ups added to them. Good luck
Call her, if she agree to let you help her, and is willing to try to stop Go to her, be there for her and help her through.
If she continues using then stay away.
Sorry, but I have no sympathy for drug users, and the like.
First, who cares what people think? That should not be important to you when someone's life is on the line. Second, you're not a professional. I would contact individuals from AA and other like places to get some advice. I'm sure her husband and others have tried to help but you really need some professional advice...Also, let her know that she's viable and important and her children need her. It's not too late to start over...she needs to hear that. When you're around her or whenever you go, expect the worst so you don't have a crazy look on your face when you do see her. She does not need to feel judged. She needs to know that that wonderful person you knew is still there, alive and well. I'll be praying for her and you.
My sympathies are with you. My bro is going through the same thing. Only the afflicted person can pull themselves out of their quagmire. However, there are numerous on-line sites that help many with their substance abuse problems. The anonymity the sites offer is good for some, and seeing someone else in exactly your predicament is often an awakening experience. Good luck; and if you are sincerely trying to help her, others will see virtue in your actions.
Sometimes in life we should not worry of what other think of us for helping someone. I am not an expert but what you should do is have a heart to heart conversation with your friend! make her understand that life is great and that those wonderful kids still need her more that those drugs. If she is not ready to make that life change, she is going to disappoint you!! The change needs to come from her and it has got to be a deep life change. people can go to the best rehabs but if they dont want to make the change, it aint going to happen! All you can do is try to help her help her self. You may be the one that makes her understand and the only hope for her... if so, God will help you with her... Good Luck!
You are a perfect candidate to enable her illness. I do agree that she is in a bad place, and yes you can give her come support and you have by sending her cards etc. I think that is where you need to stop. Doing more will not help her friend, but maybe will help you feel better. She has to be dealt with by professionals and she is the only one who can decide whether she wants help or not. A lot of this is your friend's own doing making the wrong choices and I am sure help have been offered before. Is she even going to AA/NA meetings ? These are the people who will support her for starters. They are pretty strict with what they expect from recovery.
I'm so sorry about your friend. She has to want the help and seek it out for herself. Every time I tried to help in situations like this, it brought really awful drama into my home and I've even had items stolen from me to be sold at pawn shops and and then the money was used to buy drugs. You are concerned and love her but it's best to let her seek out professional help when she is ready. If she is still using, she will get drugs at any cost. That means stealing and lying. I know it's hard to watch but it's best you remove yourself from the situation. Only she can help herself. There is nothing you can do unless she comes to you and asks for help. I've been through this too and until she wants help, it's not going to change. I know how hard it is. It's not your job to save her though. It's her job. I know this sounds tough and mean but it's really the only way. If she asks for help, that's great. Let her know you will be there when she is ready to stop.

Child trauma treatment ?

I am writing to ask if anyone out there has been able to sucessfully navigate a state childrens mental health system to find trained and qualified help for thier traumatized child.

The child I am speaking of witnessed the murder of his sibling at the hands of his stepfather. The state wants to provide in home support for the family with a behavior tech many hours a week, but he has yet to be seen by a trauma (or other) therapist with any consistency.

I am beginning to realize that the therapists the state has for the low income are not well trained and are afraid of working with him. I suppose it may be better than working with him and doing more harm than good.

Any thoughts or suggestions?
Answer:
See if the national child traumatic stress network can offer any therapists in your area.

Trauma Focused - Cognitive Behavior Therapy has been used effectively with traumatized kids.

The saddest part about the whole thing is the system does not do well in investing in these kids until they are adults having significant trouble and possibly being a threat to themselves or others by them.

Good luck.
Unfortunately, most States mental health programs do not have the funds that are needed to give the intensive cognitive therapy and attention needed when dealing with a traumatized child however, there are many hospitals nationwide that specialize and/or have programs set aside for this and then the child will typically be able to get help from a private therapist out patient. Inpatient is not always required and there are many excellent, qualified therapist and Psychologist that work directly with children who have been traumatized and helping them overcome what they are going through and their suffering and will quite often take on special cases for the lower income situations. Another option is to call the States Disability office and speak with an Advocate and they can often get things done that others cannot. The State system can be very frustrating to say the least. I hope this child gets the best possible care out there. Good luck~
My traumatized child buried the memory for about 10 years before I became aware of the trauma. (Yes, it was verified by an independant source)

By this time I had a very troubled teenager on my hands.

The EXPERIENCED and successful therapist we found who specialized in working with my child's age group and diagnosis -- was my 49th mental health contact. -- But insurance never did pay a dime.

(Sorry, state mental health was not our course of action, atleast not what we were able to use)

And yes, the therapy was successful, after many suicidal moments, and a roller coaster of serious symptoms. My child is today a reasonable, calm and responsible independant, working adult who cares deeply about others.

-- Might I suggest you contact your child's school counselor, the State Mental Hospital, or maybe the president of your local mental health board, ask some pointed questions about care and how to go about it.
You are likely going to have to advocate for your child's care, and stay ontop of it.

When you are speaking, use written questions and try to keep your emotions and anger out of it - yet express your concern for your son. Try to gain someone's advocacy for your son, someone who can make phone calls or write letters that the therapists will listen to.

Check this...?

why do i think so little about myself! i dont think people know how much depression has an impact on a person! my friends say 'i don't see the bigger picture', i always mone!(did i spell th@ right?) and people jst think i'm wierd!

i just wana hav platic surgery, change my appearance completely and mayb then i'll be happy...

what do u think
thanks
Answer:
Hi:

It sounds to me as if you are going to go thru some pretty invasive treatments and surgeries to change your whole appearance to make you happy?

I am sorry but I feel that once you go thru all of this maybe you will like the way you look, but then again, maybe you won't. No one knows for sure.

I have nothing against plastic surgery at all, as long as it is done for the right reasons and not for inner peace and happiness. Inner peace and happiness come from within, from the heart, not at all from what you look like on the outside. As cliche as this is, it is not what is on the outside, but what is on the inside that really matters. I believe that very much.

Depression bites! Let's face it, but you have to work and work hard to find that peace and happiness within. You didn't just loose those over night, it took time, little by little so how cah you expect for them to come rushing back all of a sudden? You can't.

Please think long and hard about the reasons that you are willing to put yourself thru all of this pain. Isn't depression pain on the inside that no one can see and now you want to add some serious physical pain to your emotional pain for maybe a 50 / 50 chance of liking your self and not being depressed any more? If that was the case, I am sure all of her in the MH section would be in line at the plastic surgeons office.

Please just think about the reasons, weigh the pro's and con's, contemplate long and hard and then make your decision that you know is the right one. You know what I mean, the answer that your heart is telling you. That would be the right choice.

I wish you well, peace and happiness in what ever your decision is.

Be safe and be well
Having plastic surgery and changing your appearance isn't really going to help the situation. You need to accept yourself for who you really are to be truly happy. I know it sounds silly, but it's the truth.
(BTW - it's spelled moan.)
you didn't spell "mone" right. Its spelled moan. and if you are unhappy with your appearance and people don't like you because of how you look, you are hanging out with the wrong people. what happens if you end up looking worse with plastic surgery? try doing some subtle(little) thing to change your appearance such as upgrading your wardrobe, working out more, or getting a diffrent haircut. If you want to go more extreme then do that after.
No matter what we will always think we arn't skinny enough or our hair isn't as cool as we would like it to be. What you think is a flaw, sum1 could think it is a perfection. I don't suggest plastic surgery but I do suggest may be a wardobe change or somthing like that. Also, try accepting yourself and maybe try to get togather with an old friend or try dating. Good luck.
Plastic surgery is not going to change the way you feel about things inwardly. Learn and practice positive thinking, and self control. Eat 6 small well balanced meals a day, exercise, get outside, meet new people, do different things, Live a little. It does not always have to cost $$$. If these things don't help see a therapists and possibly go on med.'s. (It may take a while to find the right ones.) You are not weird. Lots of people feel this way. You have to fight the negativity, to have a good, happy, and prosperous life. GL
You hate your appearance because you don't like yourself. Plastic surgery won't change who you are inside. You'll hate your appearance no matter how physically attractive you are.

I know how much you'll detest my next sentence: You can like yourself better by taking your focus off of yourself, and try doing things for those who need help, or by pursuing an interest that really grabs you and getting really good at it.

Yeah, I hated that the first time I heard it too. The thing is, the more I helped others, and the more I focused on creative interests that satisfied my soul, the more beautiful that person in my mirror became.

Try it. It works.

Check this situation?

depressed adolescent,who has recently ecaped the cluches of the illness. now is when i meet a girl i'm into, but i'm about to leave school and shes staying (i've got my Alevels and she's in the year below). my mates tell me to leave it cos "the last thing i need is to mess anything up at this point (especially as i hav jst recovered)".
but i like her. so what do i do; do as i feel and get close to her, or take my friends' advice...


thanks everyone
Answer:
leave. If were meant to be it'd be now and later. You need to blossom.
Take your own advise and see where it goes. There are ways to stay in touch even if you are done with school. Trust me, there is life after school.
Well, sometimes along distance relationship doesn't work. It makes things harder. , but say if you were going to college and she was just about to be in your college than i say go for it. but if you are moving very far away than, try being friends first than see what happens from there if nothing happens than it wasn't meant to be.

CHANGES>>I dont enjoy my job like I use to.. Stress?

I am self employed and work many hours for what seems like little pay, the economy sucks here, and my feild is physical and lately my body is taking a toll. Also the place where my business operates out of (a building) has new landlords and they want to drastically increase my rent or make me buy the place. With this sort of econnomy and my aching body, I am suddenly starting to question myself- Do I want to do this job anymore... seems like all these bumps in the road are making me want to get out the this business, but I dont know what else I would like to do? I see my freinds with cake jobs making way more with less stresss and it kinda gets me jealous. Should I change careers after doing/owning my own business for 15 yrs? I wake up daily, with anxiety, and it turning to depression.. I cant think straight anymore, and work is no longer fun. Constantly dreaming at night about work and all my issues.
WHAT DO I DO??

thanks
Answer:
If you are feeling daily depression and anxiety then yes, you should consider if you are doing the right thing in your profession. Investigate some alternatives such as going back to school or other fields you would be qualified for. Right now, just the economy is enough to make having your own business almost overwhelming. Good luck.

Dusty
Yep, anxiety can turn into depression.

You should probably start out doing some relaxation exercises and then get a sheet of paper and a pen and write down the pros and cons of keeping your own business versus alternatives. I don't know what kind of business you have, so I don't know whether having to move your business would cause a loss in customers or not, but aside from staying where you're at you could find another place to rent or a cheap place to buy, or move to a part of the country where the economy is better. If you were to give up your business, what kind of jobs could you get instead? This could be a great time to try something completely new and exciting, perhaps go (back to?) college for a couple of years and get a (different) degree. One of the important things to ask yourself is whether you want to keep your business because you love it or because you feel you would have wasted 15 years if you quit... if it's the latter, quit now... those years weren't wasted, but you can waste the next 15 if you do something you don't want to do.

Anyway, I hope that helped somewhat... writing down your thoughts can help you a lot with tough decisions. If you keep feeling too anxious and depressed though I'd recommend you go see a psychologist.

Ugh... looks like I overlooked part of your question. What other jobs you'd like to do? Well... what kind of things did you want to be when you were growing up? Take a career test. Talk to a college advisor. Etc. Anyway, you're probably too anxious at the moment to figure out what other job you'd like to do, so first decide whether to keep your business or not. Baby steps, ya know.

Challenging behaviour mean?


Answer:
means behaving in a manner that others deem aggressive verbally or physically..
Behaviour that is invasive in any form towards its recipient.
Behavior which is designed to oppose or test the authority of another.
what does "challenging behaviour" mean?

now it makes sense...
Behaviour that goes against society's accepted norms.
EG self harming, inappropriate behaviour towards self or others, inappropriate language, feces smearing; people with challenging behaviour often require robust services IE if living in the community a highly active person centred care plan designed to minimise occurrences of challenging behaviour.
Some children and adults with severe learning disabilities typically display behaviour which may put themselves or others at risk, or which may prevent the use of ordinary community facilities or a normal home life.

This behaviour may be in the form of aggression, self injury, stereotyped behaviour or disruptive and destructive behaviours.

http://www.challengingbehaviour.org.uk/...
 
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